Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI) Nigeria | Project Cargo, Bulk, NESS & Damage Surveys
Technical Service

COMPREHENSIVE
PRE-SHIPMENT INSPECTION

Navigating the complexities of Nigerian Trade Compliance. From Project Cargo Lashing and Bulk Draft Surveys to Container Cross-Stuffing and NESS Exports. We are the independent eyes for global buyers, insurers, and financiers in Lagos, Onne, and Port Harcourt.

What is Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI) in Nigeria?

PSI is a mandatory trade requirement in Nigeria involving the physical verification of goods before they are exported or imported. For exports, it ensures compliance with the Nigerian Export Supervision Scheme (NESS) to validate quality and quantity for repatriation of funds. For imports, it verifies conformity to SONCAP (Standards Organisation of Nigeria Conformity Assessment Program) to prevent substandard goods from entering the country.

Know Your Supplier

Factory Audits & Supplier Verification

Before you transfer a deposit to a Nigerian supplier, you must verify their existence and capacity. We offer three distinct levels of verification across Lagos, Kano, Ogun, and Port Harcourt.

Level 1

Simple Supplier Verification (KYC)

Designed to detect scams and “Briefcase Companies”. We confirm the supplier is real.

  • Physical visit to address.
  • CAC Registration check.
  • Photos of gate/signage.
  • Banking details match.
Level 2 (Recommended)

Technical Factory Audit (TFA)

Assessing the actual production capacity and quality systems (ISO 9001).

  • Machinery inventory.
  • Production line capacity check.
  • Quality Control (QC) records.
  • Warehouse condition.
Level 3

Social & Ethical Audit

Mandatory for major EU/US retailers. Ensuring no child labor or unsafe conditions.

  • Child Labor verification.
  • Health & Safety (Fire exits).
  • Wage & Hour compliance.
  • Environmental permits.
Heavy Lift & OOG

Project Cargo Surveys

Nigeria’s infrastructure projects (Rail, Refineries, Power) require the movement of massive equipment. We provide technical supervision for Out of Gauge (OOG) and break-bulk cargo at Apapa, Tincan, and Onne Ports.

Capabilities

  • Transformers & Generators
  • Construction Machinery (Yellow Metal)
  • Industrial Plant Equipment
  • Wind & Gas Turbines

Lashing & Securing Surveys

Checking the securing of cargo on Flat Racks or inside vessels. We calculate the Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) of chains and tensioners to ensure they can withstand ocean forces.

Why is Lashing Survey critical?

Improper lashing leads to cargo shifting at sea, causing catastrophic damage. Insurers often deny claims if no independent lashing certificate exists.

Loading & Discharge Supervision

Direct hook-to-truck supervision. We verify the use of correct lifting gear (spreaders, grommets) to prevent damage to sensitive points. We document the condition before lifting to separate pre-shipment damage from handling damage.

Massive Volume Control

Bulk Cargo & Draft Surveys

For commodities shipped loose (Fertilizer, Wheat, Sugar, Clinker), standard weighing is impossible. We use displacement science to certify quantity.

Draft Survey Protocol

Determining cargo weight by measuring the vessel’s water displacement before and after operations.

STEP 1

Initial Draft Survey

Reading draft marks at 6 points. Measuring specific gravity of harbor water using a hydrometer. Sounding all ballast/fuel tanks.

STEP 2

Final Draft Survey

Repeating measurements after loading/discharge. The difference in displacement (minus consumables) equals cargo weight.

STEP 3

Report Issuance

Providing an independent weight certificate accepted by Customs and Receivers.

Fertilizer Discharge & Bagging

Monitoring discharge of bulk Urea/DAP at Lagos terminals into bagging hoppers. We tally the output (50kg bags) to reconcile against bill of lading weight.

Wheat/Grain Operations

Hatch sealing and unsealing. Inspection for water ingress or mold in top layers. Continuous supervision during pneumatic discharge.

Cargo Loading Supervision

Counting bags loaded onto trucks for inland transit. Verifying truck condition (tarpaulins, floor cleanliness) to prevent loss in transit.

Container Operations

Container PSI &
Cross Stuffing

From verifying export quality to rescuing cargo from damaged containers at the port. Our container services cover the full lifecycle of the box.

Cross Stuffing / Rescue Ops

Often, containers arrive at Apapa/Onne with damage (holes, leaks) or reefers malfunction. We supervise the transfer of goods to a sound container to prevent total loss.

  • Tally during transfer.
  • Damage segregation.
  • New seal application.

The 7-Point Container Inspection Protocol

01 Undercarriage Check
02 Doors & Locking Mechanisms
03 Right Side Wall
04 Left Side Wall
05 Front Wall
06 Ceiling / Roof
07 Floor (Cleanliness/Nails)

Liquid Transloading (Flexibags)

We supervise the fitting of Flexibags for non-hazardous liquid exports (Palm Oil, Rubber Latex). Critical checks include:

  • Container selection (must be < 5 years old, heavy tested).
  • Bulkhead installation verification.
  • Loading supervision to prevent surges/leaks.
NXP & NESS Compliance

Export PSI Protocol (NESS)

Under the Nigerian Export Supervision Scheme, legally exported goods must be inspected. We act on behalf of buyers to ensure the quality matches the paperwork, supporting the issuance of the Clean Certificate of Inspection (CCI).

01

Document Review

Review of Proforma Invoice, NXP Form, and Packing List. Confirmation of warehouse location.

02

Physical Inspection

Sampling per ISO 2859-1. Quality checks (Moisture, Sizing). Verification of “Made in Nigeria” marks.

03

Stuffing & Sealing

Supervision of loading. “First In, First Out”. Container fitness check. Application of high-security seal.

04

CCI Support

Issuance of Inspection Report to facilitate the Clean Certificate of Inspection (CCI) for fund repatriation.

Commodity Specific Protocols

Sesame Seeds

  • Purity (Min) 99.0%
  • Admixture (Max) 1.0%
  • Moisture (Max) 7.0%
  • FFA (Max) 1.5%

Cocoa Beans

  • Bean Count Main Crop
  • Moldy (Max) 3.0%
  • Slaty (Max) 3.0%
  • Moisture (Max) 7.5%

Solid Minerals

  • Lead Ore Pb % Check
  • Zinc Ore Zn % Check
  • Sizing 0-50mm
  • Radiation Non-Radioactive
For Banks & Lenders

Stock Verification &
Collateral Management (CMA)

Nigerian banks and international trade financiers face high risks when lending against physical commodities. We provide the boots on the ground to secure these assets.

Spot Stock Verification

A one-time unannounced visit to verify that the goods funded by the bank actually exist in the warehouse and haven’t been sold.

Stock Monitoring Agreement (SMA)

Periodic (Weekly/Monthly) reporting on stock levels, movement, and condition. We act as the independent third party reporter.

Collateral Management (CMA)

Full Legal Control. We take possession of the warehouse keys. We place our own padlocks and security guards. Goods are only released upon written instruction from the Bank.

Why Banks Choose Us

  • Fraud Prevention: We check for “Sandwich Stacking” (hiding empty boxes behind full ones) and “Watering” (wetting grain to increase weight).
  • Insurance Validity: We verify that the warehouse meets the stipulations of the insurance policy (fire sprinklers, security perimeter).
  • Nationwide Reach: We operate in remote locations like Jigawa (Sesame), Taraba (Cocoa), and Zamfara (Minerals) where banks lack presence.
Global Regulatory Requirements

Destination Compliance: EU, USA & Asia

Exporting from Nigeria is not just about quality; it’s about meeting the strict regulations of the receiving country. We verify compliance before the container leaves Apapa.

Europe (EU) Compliance

  • EUDR (Deforestation): For Cocoa, Rubber, and Wood. We verify geo-coordinates of the farm to prove land was not deforested after 2020.
  • MRLs (Pesticides): Strict limits on chemicals. We sample for lab analysis of Glyphosate and Chlorpyrifos residues.
  • Ethylene Oxide: Critical check for Sesame Seeds entering the EU.

USA (FDA/AGOA)

  • FDA FSMA: Food Safety Modernization Act. We audit facilities for hygiene (HACCP) compliance required for food exports.
  • AGOA (Textiles): Verifying “Rules of Origin” for duty-free apparel exports from Nigeria to the US.
  • Heavy Metals: Testing for Lead/Cadmium in processed foods.

Asia (China/India)

  • GB Standards (China): Specific quality standards for Minerals (Lithium, Zinc) and Agricultural goods entering China.
  • Radiation (Scrap): India and China have zero tolerance for radioactive scrap metal. We use Geiger counters on every container.
  • Moisture (Sesame): Strict <7% limits for shipments to Japan and Korea.
Import Compliance

SONCAP Inspections

The Standards Organisation of Nigeria Conformity Assessment Program (SONCAP) is mandatory. We assist importers in validating goods before they leave the country of origin (China, India, Europe).

Route A: Unregistered

For infrequent shipments. Inspection and testing for every shipment to get a CoC.

Route B: Registered

For frequent importers. Product Certificate (PC) valid for 1 year. 40% inspection rate.

Route C: Licensed

For manufacturers. License valid for 1 year. Low inspection frequency, high audit rate.

Key Inspection Points

  • Marking: “Made in [Country]” must be visible.
  • Electrical: 230V / 50Hz and Type G plugs check.
  • Quantity: Verification against final invoice.
  • Sealing: Integrity check until arrival in Nigeria.
Loss Adjusting

Damage Surveys & Claims

When cargo arrives damaged, speed is essential. We provide independent technical reports to support your insurance claim and mitigate the loss.

Joint Survey

Meeting with the Shipping Line’s surveyor and the Terminal representative. We agree on the extent of damage (count of wet/broken boxes) without admitting liability, establishing a factual baseline.

Cause Investigation

Determining the root cause. Was it seawater (Silver Nitrate test)? Condensation (rain vs sweat)? Or rough handling? This determines if the carrier or the insurer is liable.

Salvage & Recovery

Organizing salvage sales for damaged goods (e.g., wet sugar sold for industrial use) to minimize the total claim amount. We manage the bidding process to get the best value.

For Carriers & Shipping Lines

  • VGM Verification: Ensuring declared weight matches actual weight to prevent stack collapses.
  • Seaworthiness: Inspecting container condition (CSC plate, rust, door locking mechanisms) before loading.
  • OOG Surveys: Lashing and securing checks for Out of Gauge cargo on flat racks.

For Insurers (P&I / Marine)

  • Pre-Shipment Condition: Documenting condition of goods (steel coils, vehicles) BEFORE loading to establish liability baseline.
  • Warehouse Risk Assessment: Checking fire safety, flood risk, and security at storage facilities.
  • Loading Supervision: Preventing rough handling during the critical loading phase.

Preventing the “Nigerian Trade Fraud”

International trade in Nigeria has specific risks. We have developed protocols to counter the most common fraudulent practices used by unscrupulous agents.

1. The “Sandwich” Loading

Loading good quality bags at the door, but rubbish/sand in the nose of the container. Our Solution: We inspect during the entire stuffing process, not just the end.

2. Watering (Weight Fraud)

Spraying water on Cocoa or Seeds to increase weight, leading to mold at destination. Our Solution: Random moisture testing on 20% of bags.

3. Empty Container Export

Shipping empty containers to claim illegal export rebates. Our Solution: We seal the container and record the seal number on the spot.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Factory Audit mandatory for importing from Nigeria?

While not legally mandatory for all goods, a Technical Factory Audit is highly recommended to verify that the supplier exists and has the capacity to produce your order. For specific regulated products under SONCAP (Route B & C), a factory audit is required to issue a Product Certificate.

What are the labeling requirements for exports to Nigeria?

All regulated products must carry the MANCAP/SONCAP identification. Labels must be in English and include: Product Name, Country of Origin (“Made in…”), Date of Manufacture/Expiry, Batch Number, and Manufacturer’s details. Failure to label correctly creates a high risk of seizure by Customs.

Does Observater TPI issue the NXP Form?

No. The NXP (Nigerian Export Proceeds) form is issued by the exporter’s commercial bank. Observater TPI performs the physical inspection required to validate the details on the NXP form, allowing the issuance of the Clean Certificate of Inspection (CCI).

Request a PSI Inspection

Please specify if this is for Export (NESS), Import (SONCAP), or Bank Collateral.